Section 45X

Advanced Manufacturing Production Credit

Credits for domestic production of eligible clean energy components including solar, wind, battery, and critical mineral processing.

Overview

Section 45X provides production tax credits for the domestic manufacturing of clean energy components. This credit is designed to rebuild and strengthen domestic clean energy supply chains by incentivizing U.S.-based manufacturing of solar cells, wind components, battery cells, and critical minerals processing.

Credit Structure

Base Rate
Per unit produced

Credit varies by component

Different credit amounts apply to different components

Enhanced Rate
5x Multiplier

With Prevailing Wage & Apprenticeship

N/A

No enhanced rate

Section 45X does not have prevailing wage/apprenticeship bonus structure

Bonus Multipliers

Solar Cells

+$0.04/Wdc

Credit per watt of capacity for photovoltaic cells

Solar Modules

+$0.07/Wdc

Credit per watt of capacity for photovoltaic modules

Battery Cells

+$35/kWh

Credit per kilowatt-hour of capacity for battery cells

Battery Modules

+$10/kWh

Credit per kilowatt-hour of capacity for battery modules

Eligibility & Requirements

  • 1
    Components must be produced in the United States
  • 2
    Production must occur after December 31, 2022
  • 3
    Components must be sold to unrelated persons
  • 4
    Must meet component-specific requirements
  • 5
    Critical minerals must be extracted, processed, or recycled in the U.S.

Direct Pay Election

Section 45X credits are transferable and may be elected for direct pay by tax-exempt entities and certain other qualified organizations.

Learn More About Direct Pay
Effective Period:2023 – 2032 (with phase-out beginning 2030)

Ready to Buy or Sell Section 45X Credits?

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